在最新的詹姆斯·邦德电影，007：大破天幕杀机，智能枪技术防止利用债券本身的瓦尔特PP拍他一个坏家伙。牵强？一点也不。
而且，在大众拍摄的桑迪胡克小学现代城，唤醒康涅狄格州上周，在枪支安全的兴趣在智能枪技术的发展停滞出去缺乏兴趣和投资者重新之后上升。
President Barack Obama on Wednesday announced a gun violence task force to come up with solutions to the problem of gun violence and is pressuring Congress to reinstate an assault weapons ban, which expired in 2004. He also wants stricter background checks and a limit on high-capacity gun magazines.
One area the president hasn't mentioned, but that is likely to come up, involves smart gun technology. Under development for more than a dozen years, it could use a person's unique grip, fingerprints or an RFID chip to limit weapon use only to someone authorized to fire the gun.
In fact, a half dozen campus police at the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) already carry smart guns that prevent unauthorized use by disabling the trigger mechanism.
Smart gun technology proponents are quick to point out their systems would not necessarily have prevented the murder of the 20 children and six Sandy Hook Elementary staff by Adam Lanza on Dec. 14. "It is important to understand that these criminal acts have been perpetrated by authorized users with legally purchased firearms, and nothing in our technology would have stopped these killings," said Donald H. Sebastian, NJIT's senior vice president for research and development.
Sabastian指出，新闻报道，兰扎的母亲是一个枪爱好者谁拥有几件武器，并把她的儿子拍摄了她，这意味着他将有可能得以进入，并已获准使用武器。如果他没有被授权使用的枪支，智能技术可能至少阻止他。
Biometric authentication algorithm technology is about securing weapons in the home or workplace against unauthorized use.
Grip recognition
新泽西理工学院是一家领先的，和早期的智能枪技术开发商。对于十几年前，它一直在测试动态握把识别技术，塞巴斯蒂安索赔是在防止未授权使用枪支的有效率达99％。
Dynamic Grip Recognition uses 32 sensors in the gun's grip, which, like voice recognition technology, can be trained to recognize a particular person's grip pattern profile and discriminate between authorized and unauthorized users.
这种努力开始对如何保护谁可与犯罪嫌疑人斗争采取了他们的枪执法官员进行了讨论。
”,介绍了射频识别技术nd that goes back to the early 1990s," Sabastian said. "That's a different set of constraints than the gun sitting in the sock drawer, locked and loaded in case something goes bump in the night -- protecting your kids from having access to that.
"That's what led to the selection of biometrics and use of grip recognition technology," he said. "It works while you're pulling the trigger. It's not like you put a thumb print on the bottom to turn it on, and for some period of time it's active and ready to go for some period of time whether you have custody or not."
发展是en slow, however, because funding has lagged, with little interest so far from venture capitalists. In fact, current prototypes are based on 10-year-old microprocessors because of a lack of funds, Sebastian said.
“我们已经发现的枪支制造商在商业化的用户验证武器的任何方面的部分不感兴趣，”塞巴斯蒂安说。
Sensors in an older generation of the current handgun once looked like this. Newer generations of the handgun will have sleeker, smaller sensors and microchips at least half the size of the ones in this photograph (Image: New Jersey Institute of Technology)
For Dynamic Grip Recognition to work, the gun's processor is first placed in learning mode. Then, the user must shoot about 50 rounds to train the weapon to recognize a specific grip. (Multiple users can be saved in the system's memory.)
The Dynamic Grip Recognition software algorithms can also be tuned to be more or less sensitive. For example, a gun could be tuned to only accept an adult's hand profile or one similar to the owner's, while preventing children from being able to use it, Sebastian said.
"If it's a kid, it will probably never be recognized as an authorized user because the physical geometry will never be a match," he said.
One problem with the current prototypes, which use a Beretta 92F 9mm semi-automatic pistol, is that besides the microprocessor, the battery and I/O interface technology used for programing the gun is a decade old and is too cumbersome for mass-market production. For example, the current battery is a 9-volt and the cable is based on either a USB cable or 25-pin RS232 connector that's years behind current technology. If upgraded, guns could be programmed using smart-phone LTE 5G wireless technology, Sebastian said.
A researcher on the smart gun team tests the gun's trigger switch. Beneath his hand sits a digital signal processor box. (Image: New Jersey Institute of Technology)
While NJIT may be using Beretta pistols to test its technology, the Beretta company has not supported the school's efforts, according to Sebastian.
"We're out of money," he said. "We're able to keep things going for another semester or so, but we're looking at private investment and we'll see if the mood is changing. "...That may bring more investors out of the cold."
新泽西理工大学承认只有一个智能枪技术的控制nology among many available. Others include fingerprint recognition though infrared fingerprint readers and the use of RFID radio chips.
While several technologies can be used to recognize fingerprints, such as infrared, optical scanning and pressure sensors that can determine the grooves of a person's fingerprints, Sebastian argues they're too kludgy to use, and not always reliable.
“在最好的情况，我们发现，他们75％的可靠，并在实验室条件下说的，”他说。“这里面有各种各样的方式可以将它们混为一谈，而不是工作：电容器系统造成的问题干燥的手指，让你的手指印可能会导致问题的残留落后;手脚冰凉;手套，没有手套，有很多的原因。只是作为一种技术，它是有缺陷的。
“然后你进入你把它放在枪在哪里，让你的手指落在以自然的方式。这是非常困难的......找到一处适合所有。”
RFID technology
The Georgia Institute of Technology has developed RFID smart gun technology for a company called TriggerSmart, an Irish firm that has been granted patents for its weapons' safety devices in the U.S. and 47 other countries. The technology, developed at the school's County Westmeath, Ireland campus, has yet to be integrated by any gun manufacturers.
"They've done a lot of work in the U.S. with trying to get gun manufacturers [interested], but to be honest there's quite a bit of resistance from the gun industry in the U.S. to the technology," said Joe Dowling, general manager at Georgia Tech Ireland.
"They see it as another level of control that they don't want to implement," he continued. "TriggerSmart has been saying, 'Hey, it's not that we don't want you to have a gun, it's just another optional safety feature you may want.' "
计算机世界attempted to contact gun makers Smith & Wesson and Mossberg & Sons, both of which have had smart gun development efforts in the past. Smith & Wesson officials did not return requests for comment. Mossberg declined to comment on the issue.
In 1999, Mossberg subsidiary Advanced Ordnance and electronics design contractor KinTech Manufacturing developed a smart technology using RFID chips that was marketed by iGun Technology Corp.. Officials at iGun Technology could not be reached for comment.
TriggerSmart's technology also works with RFID chips through an RFID tag carried by or implanted in the hand of an authorized gun user. The tag sends a high frequency radio signal to a small motor that unlocks the gun's safety mechanism. Unless the RFID tag is within one centimeter of the gun's handle, the weapon's safety will remain in the locked position and it cannot be unlocked until the radio signal is received. A small rechargeable battery that can hold up to a week's worth of power, enables the internal motor.
在信号作品可以调节成数厘米的枪丢掉或接近两个毫米的距离。
The technology used in TriggerSmart's prototype costs about $50, but if it were mass produced that cost would drop significantly, Dowling said. While the technology can be retrofitted to guns, the process requires a pistol grip change as well as the motor install, making it better suited to integration during the manufacturing process.
While the technology was originally developed for police use, it could easily be adapted for civilian or military use.
"We've been talking with the New York Police Department about it," Dowling said. "Up to 40% of instances where an officer is shot, they're shot with their own gun. This technology would obviously solve that problem."
生物识别门禁
并非所有的生物识别技术的重点是与武器的整合。例如，LEID产品有限责任公司创造了生物识别门禁系统（BACS）可以在枪柜和储存容器被用来限制访问枪支和谁在什么时候被使用的武器来跟踪。
LEID产品也创造了电子储物柜和步枪架，以确保武器。授权用户的名字和生物信息已被记录，去亭及通过使用手形或指纹扫描登录。用户还可以被限制在特定的武器，即使他们被允许与一个枪架储物柜。
"For example, if a law enforcement officer hadn't been certified to use a Taser, then he wouldn't be allowed to log in for access," said Georgia Whalen, director of marketing for LEID Products.
Gun-locker access can be controlled locally or remotely by one or more administrators using a PC. "So if an event like what happened at that elementary school occurred, the administrator can touch a computer button at home and release all the equipment to all the officers," Whalen said.
Currently, several government agencies throughout the country have installed or are considering LEID's BACS lockers, including the National Institutes of Health, which adopted the technology to protect its armory in 2009. The U.S. National Park Service is also considering installing lockers in different locations at national monuments for emergency use by its police force, Whalen said.
但是，这样的系统很可能是为家庭使用过于昂贵。就在售货亭和软件BACS零售约$ 18,000。一个枪架大约是$ 8,000，惠伦说。
Political and social climate
Biometrics technology proponents readily admit that their systems can be thwarted, and no single technology or piece of legislation will completely solve the gun safety problem. There are also logistical issues. For example, what if an officer forgets his RFID tag and can't operate his weapon?
"Even if you have smart guns, people can find ways if they are competent enough to get around the technologies," Georgia Tech's Dowling said. "The question as to whether it prevents these mass shootings or not is still open. But it's one more barrier and, in my mind, it's about statistics and probability. If it reduces the probability by a certain percentage, then it's worth it."
Yet, Dowling admits the political and even social climate around gun safety has vacillated over the past two decades. During President Clinton's administration in the 1990s, there was intense interest in the development of the technology, he said. Once Clinton left office, support for the technology evaporated.
One problem, proponents say, is perspective. Gun enthusiasts and organizations such as the National Rifle Association may view smart gun technology as gun control instead of gun safety.
由于奥巴马总统在2009年上任，但是，有过几次大规模射杀。美军的心理学家主要尼达尔·哈桑杀害了13名，并在得克萨斯州胡德堡，2009年受伤42人;。贾里德·李·劳纳在图森，亚利桑那州开火在2011年1月，造成6人 - 包括一个九十岁的女孩 - 打伤众议员加布里埃尔吉福兹。
This year alone, there have been three mass shootings, including James Holmes' rampage in an Colorado movie theater screening of The Dark Knight Rises; Wade Michael Page's shooting of six people in a Sikh temple in Wisconsin; and Lanza's massacre of 27 in Newtown, Conn. last week
与所有这些枪击，枪支安全的支持者说，可以注意转向对技术回为一个解决方案。
例如，新泽西理工学院已经看到从风险资本家一些新的兴趣，塞巴斯蒂安说，虽然没有从枪制造业。“有很多的事情，密谋反对，”他说。
“我想继续强调的是，这是关于枪的安全性，而不是有关枪支管制，”他说。“当你从枪支管制改变讨论的气氛，你的人谁可能更愿意谈论新的方法来改善，如果没有它变得中毒的隐身方法枪支管制增加了安全性，因此，抛宝宝外出和洗澡水一起倒掉“。
这个故事，“莫非智能枪技术，使我们更安全吗？”最初由出版计算机世界 .