PowerShell for Linux makes it easier to mix clients, servers and clouds

Microsoft的基于.NET基于.NET的脚本和管理框架现已开源，可用于Linux（最初是Ubuntu，Redhat和Centos）和Mac OS，并且云和传统基础架构公司都在加紧支持。

Open source, Linux and Mac OS announcements from Microsoft are成为常规在首席执行官萨蒂亚·纳德拉（Satya Nadella）的领导下，但是使PowerShell完全开源并使其跨平台特别重要 - 不仅是因为Linux的PowerShell是客户很长时间以来一直要求的。

Flickr/Microsoft PDC

What customers want is more support for the heterogeneous infrastructure that enterprises have always had, which now includes cloud services, and to be able to do what they need from whatever client they prefer to use, Jeffrey Snover, lead architect for Microsoft’s Enterprise Cloud Group tells CIO.com. “It’s in our interest to make it super easy to consume as much computing as makes sense for them and PowerShell makes easy for them to manage everything — Windows or Linux — using a single management stack and to do it from any client they want. They can manage it from Windows, they can manage it from Linux, they can manage it from Mac OS. They really can use the same tools and the same people to manage everything from everywhere.”

Powershell创建到奇怪的卧床

Azure is one of the key drivers for Microsoft’s increasing support for Linux; nearly a third of virtual machines running on Azure run Linux. But PowerShell for Linux goes a long way beyond that.

“PowerShell is a framework that management products build on top of,” Snover points out. “Chef builds on top of it, Puppet builds on top of it and we have our cloud management solution, Operations Management Suite, and OMS is going to build on top of it. The mission of OMS is to help manage customers’ workloads; any workload they have, Windows or Linux, anywhere they have it, whether it's on Azure or AWS or Google Cloud Engine or whether it's on-premises with Hyper-V or VMware. PowerShell on Linux provides the framework and the infrastructure to achieve that. PowerShell really is the way anybody who has anything to do with Windows manages their data centers and clouds, and now we hope to extend that to be everything.”

Perhaps surprisingly, VMware is a major PowerShell user and has already ported their PowerCLI tool, with over 400 PowerShell comandlets for managing and automating vSphere, vCloud, and vRealize Operations Manager, to Linux. “When Satya said go do what customers need, doing what customers need produces some strange bedfellows,” Snover jokes, but then points out “they were one of the very earliest adopters of PowerShell.”

VMware产品经理Alan Renouf说，这对客户有些两极分化。“很长一段时间以来，我们的客户与Powershell建立了仇恨关系。客户喜欢这样一个事实，我们拥有所有这些命令，它们可以在其环境中起作用并自动化其基础架构的端到端。但是我们的Mac和Linux客户并没有感受到爱。他们无法使用它，因为到目前为止一直是Windows技术。”雷努夫（Renouf）认为，客户将欢迎服务器支持，以及从一台机器中完成所有操作的能力。“在哪里编写脚本都没关系，您现在可以在任何地方运行它。我可以将其写在Mac上，并使用Docker在Linux中运行它以部署所有虚拟机。”

AWS是Linux PowerShell的另一个发布合作伙伴，它移植了现有的PowerShell Commandlet。“你猜怎么了？我们的许多客户在AWS和AWS上运行工作量是一个非常活跃的Powershell社区。” Snover解释说，并补充说：“现在Google刚刚宣布他们已经有了一个PowerShell项目。”

Powershell的初期

微软一直将PowerShell逐渐带到Linux。Linux的所需状态配置和SSH支持的承诺于2014年到达（Microsoft OpenCed Conded .NET和.NET Core在Linux之前的几个月）。Snover指出，不同之处在于“您必须在Windows平台上撰写脚本，必须在Windows平台上配置内容，然后将所需的配置交付到Linux框中，然后将其配置为；现在，您可以在Linux上完成所有操作。”

去年，微软还宣布将支持Openssh - Linux将交付的承诺Powershell。Snover解释说：“我们的团队正在将Openssh并将客户端和服务器移植到Windows上。”“这不是一些武器的长度整合。我们将其整合到Powershell的心脏中；它将是Powershell远程协议的本地运输。客户将能够选择；当我去这些机器时，我想通过WinRM与他们交谈，而当我去这些机器越过Openssh。”

PowerShell for Linux isn’t exactly the same as PowerShell for Windows, although the source code is available for both. the Linux port. There are obvious differences, like adding case sensitivity for Linux. “There’s also a whole set of commandlets that don’t make sense in the context of Linux, like event logs, so we removed those. Over time we’ll product more native Linux commandlets to support the Linux equivalents,” he explained.

Snover说，GitHub上可用的PowerShell代码是Alpha版本。“我们处于学习模式，我们对我们的技术充满信心，而且谦虚，学习Linux社区的需求以及让他们帮助我们优先考虑积压待说。我们希望人们毫无疑问，Linux将成为一流的系统，我们将同时发布两个平台上的PowerShell更新。”

为了帮助您，提供PowerShell在VS代码中提供支持的PowerShell服务还将支持Linux上的Sublime编辑器。“展望未来，该技术将点亮Emacs和Vim以及许多其他编辑。”

PowerShell将是Linux Admins的另一种工具，而不是试图成为一种与Linux合作的特殊方法。“纯Linux用户会查看它，并说，‘这只是我的工具架上的另一个工具。’有很多工具和脚本语言，而且通常Linux人往往是多面的。Linux的PowerShell将是另一个外壳。优势是我们比许多人更丰富的脚本语言，而且我们的动态范围更广。您可以开始休闲和草率，然后变得非常正式。”

That will be a good match for the increasing numbers of REST APIs and JSON objects arriving on Linux, he believes. “Where PowerShell shines is when you get structured data. A lot of the Linux world is not structured but it’s getting more so. More and more of Linux is available through structured objects because they're surfacing things through REST APIs and one of the great benefits of PowerShell on Linux is the ability to deal with structured objects. When that happens, PowerShell just knocks it out of the park. You get the great traditional PowerShell experience of something you can read like an English sentence, so you know what it's doing.” With so many Linux options configured by text files that are easy to make mistakes in, Snover believes PowerShell’s error checking will be appealing. “I'm optimistic they will [like this] because the ramifications of getting it wrong are so great. This makes it simple and easy to get it right.”

依赖开源

PowerShell不仅是管理每个Microsoft Server产品（从Windows Server到Exchange）的脚本文字工具。It’s a big part of the switch to the highly automated and standardized way of running servers that Microsoft hopes to bring from the cloud to enterprise data centers with the Nano Server option in Windows Server 2016. (Whatever management tool you use on top, PowerShell remoting is the way you work with Nano Server.) Bringing PowerShell to Linux and Mac OS builds on both the work Microsoft has done bringing .NET Core to those platforms and on the PowerShell Core the Windows Server team created for Nano Server, which is the basis of the Linux port of PowerShell.

If you think about the way Windows Server 2016 supports containers, that relies on open source in an unprecedented way for Microsoft: after installing Windows Server 2016, you’ll still need to install third-party open source software from Docker to get the complete solution, but you can manage that with PowerShell for Docker, which works against Docker containers on Windows or Linux.

Microsoft认识到DevOps和开源业务的现实（并运用其资源来帮助改进；它正在与OpenSSH项目合作，以帮助提高协议的安全性）。但是，主要受益人之一可能是微软的新云管理服务。Snover解释说：“ OMS提供了高可用性，图形创作，平台顶部的完整端到端解决方案。”“我们与OMS的使命是能够创建，配置和管理所有工作负载。”

Because OMS builds on PowerShell, this also helps position it to pick up where System Center leaves off. Microsoft already moved device management to the cloud with Intune; now server and cloud management is moving there too, and getting PowerShell everywhere is an important part of how Microsoft will make that work.

这个故事是“ Linux的PowerShell，可以更轻松地混合客户，服务器和云”，最初是由CIO 。