The networking industry is making a decisive move toward open switches. Much of the media's attention is on mega-scale operators' do-it-yourself switches, such as Facebook's Wedge and 6-Pack or Google's much more secretive in-house switches. A few weeks ago I sat in on a presentation by analyst Alan Weckel of Dell'Oro Group at the Ethernet Technology Summit, and he made the interesting observation that if Google were counted as a switch vendor (with itself as its only customer), it would be the world's second largest – surpassed only by Cisco.
Over the past year, Facebook has thrown some interesting wrenches into the gears of the traditional networking industry. While mainstream thinking is to keep most details of your network operations under wraps, Facebook has been freely sharing its innovations. For a company whose business model is built on people sharing personal information, I suppose this makes perfect sense.
What makes even more sense is the return Facebook gets on their openness. Infrastructure VP Jason Taylor estimates that over the past three years Facebook has saved some $2 billion by letting the members of its Open Compute Project have a go at its design specifications.
在我的以前的帖子我写了我们从几乎不可理解的巨大IPv6地址空间得到的所有积极的东西，如果我们能摆脱根深蒂固的IPv4地址保护心态，所有这些都是为了我们的享受。
我们最经常看到IPv4保守性的不利影响是在点对点链接的寻址中。我写关于我们如何可以带到不合逻辑的思维,因为我们不知道我们正在与规模:我们似乎没有问题,与5000局域网地址,浪费了其他2 <一口> 64 < /一口> -5000个地址,但我们不能使自己浪费2 <一口> 64 < / >共舞,2点对点的链接地址。在1800万亿个地址的规模上，5000和2之间的差异可以忽略不计。
总结一下:IPv4地址的设计和管理都是关于保护的。IPv4地址的供应在过去的二十年里一直在缓慢减少，所以我们对我们的供应非常小心。当你去你的分配机构-无论是你的组织内的地址管理员，你的服务提供商，或你的区域互联网注册(RIR) -要求更多的IPv4地址，您需要提供令人信服的理由，说明为什么需要他们有限的资源。当您创建IPv4寻址模式时，您将为各个子网设计，使用VLSM仔细分配宝贵的资源，以便(希望)在网络中的足够子网和每个子网中的足够主机之间实现正确的平衡。对于许多网络工程师来说，无论子网上有多少主机，始终如一地为每个IPv4子网分配a /24或a /20的想法是不可想象的。
在我写这篇博客，我坐在落基山IPv6高峰论坛。具体来说，我坐在了企业的轨道。And listening to an excellent lineup of speakers, I’m shifting some of my long-held views on IPv6 in the enterprise.
To wit: As an industry segment, enterprises are asking the kinds of questions service providers were asking five or six years ago. How soon will IPv4 address depletion impact my business? How should I begin planning for IPv6? Where in my organization should I focus my early implementation efforts? Based on these kinds of questions – again, familiar questions that were being asked by service providers five or six years ago – I’ve long said that it will probably be another five or six years before enterprise networks are where service providers are today with IPv6.
但是如果你运行的是企业网络，IPv6可能根本不在你的雷达上。为什么会这样呢?您的网络以NAT44为基础，RFC 1918地址将很容易支持可预见的未来的预期增长，您的公共IPv4地址对于面向公共的服务器来说已经足够了。
我们最近举行的落基山IPv6工作组年度常务会议 - 这primarily consisted of eating sandwiches around Scott Hogg’s kitchen table – and a topic on the agenda was a discussion of future directions for the Task Force. An opinion was expressed that the RMv6TF’s mission would be completed in a couple of years, and perhaps we should begin making preliminary plans for disbanding. IPv4 depletion is a reality, so the only message left for us is “We told you so.” Almost all service providers have IPv6 deployment plans underway and at some stage of completion. Any IP networking class worthy of your money teaches IPv4 and IPv6 as equally important versions of IP. Is there anything of importance left for an IPv6 advocacy group to do?
我结束了我的文章IPv6地址设计，说我将通过展示一些简单的技巧来处理十六进制数。然后IANA的IPv4地址池出现了长期预测的耗尽，我被分散了注意力，并就此写了几篇文章。但现在是时候兑现我的承诺了;迟做总比不做好。
点分十进制很适合表示IPv4地址;它的32位被分成4个8位的八位，然后每一个八位被写成等价的十进制数——0到255之间的某个十进制数——并用圆点分隔。
我有一对夫妇在IPv4地址耗尽的图表，我已经在演示和客户报告中使用多年。With today’s allocation of the last five IANA /8 blocks to the five RIRs, I’ve updated the charts for the last time, to show the “Available” pool at 0 and the 256 /8s fully distributed.
This last update was just for closure; I’ve removed the charts from my IPv6 presentations and archived them. I doubt they will show up in any of my future IPv6 presentations.
I assume most other long-time IPv6 advocates are similarly putting their IPv4 depletion materials into mothballs. The significance is that we are well past the “IPv6 marketing” phase – trying to convince people that IPv4 depletion is a reality, that it is going to happen Real Soon Now, and that there are no reasonable alternatives to IPv6 – and into the “Okay, what do we do now?” phase. Another way to say it is that we are no longer talking about “If IPv6 is going to become a reality” and “When is IPv6 going to become a reality.” Discussions now are “IPv6 is a reality. So how do we implement it?”
我还没有参与过一个涉及LSN的IPv6项目，在这个项目中，有些人最终并没有满怀希望地说，“如果LSN延长了我们IPv4空间的寿命，为什么我们要付出部署IPv6的痛苦和代价?”我们不能只部署LSN，暂时忘掉IPv6吗?也许要等到我退休?
· 公共互联网上几乎所有可访问的服务仍然是IPv4的
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当我们接近公共IPv4地址耗尽时，宽带供应商正在考虑如何在没有剩余的IPv4地址时继续给他们的客户提供面向公共的IP地址。答案似乎很明显:如果NAT在面向供应商的客户边缘是有效的，那么它也应该在面向客户的供应商边缘是有效的。这是大规模NAT (LSN)的基础。
任何一般使用的IP协议堆栈支持IPv6也支持IPv4。也就是说，它能够双协议栈。“普通型”是这里一个重要的限定：肯定会有专门的设备只支持IPv6的。但这些设备 - 直到我们得到在IPv4的不再存在，未来一段不确定的时间 - 功能的“围墙花园”的应用，如具有明确的界限，且从未IPv4的交互传感器或控制网络。双堆叠的重要意义在于，如果在一个双向通话的设备之一，可以说IPv4和IPv6，这并不重要，如果在另一端的设备被限制在一个或另一个版本。只要两个扬声器中的一个是“双语，”对话才能进行。
我们正在进入的IPv4 andIPv6之间的过渡时期，事情会得到尴尬了一会儿。IPv4地址将正式在未来几年内用完，但最实用的目的，你可以考虑未分配的IPv4地址池来已所剩无几。我知道两个非常大的服务提供商，其请求新的IPv4分配是的，在过去的几个月里，拒绝
在“尴尬期”我们正在进入由几个无可避免的事实造成的：
1) With few exceptions, the only new globally unique unicast addresses you can get from your regional address registries are IPv6. Those organizations are becoming very protective of the few IPv4 blocks they have left, and even those will be gone in short order.
我最喜欢的故事之一（如果您之前听过这个）涉及一个老化的电站。一天车站失败了，离开了它完全没有电力的小镇。The town managers called in several engineers, none of whom could resolve the problem – the station’s equipment was older than anything they had worked with before.
Eventually someone remembered the name of the long-retired engineer who had maintained the plant almost since its construction; a quick phone call was made asking for his help.
When the old man arrived, he spent 15 minutes wandering around the station, inspecting, listening, and touching. Then he took a hammer from a toolbox, approached one piece of equipment, and tapped it gently three times.
上一篇文章研究了一种通用的方法来确定一个无形的定义，因为它适用于你的特定项目，在一定程度上它成为一组可测量的组件。简而言之，我们会问一个简单的问题，“我们说……是什么意思?”
我55岁了，滑雪比25岁时更小心。骨骼和韧带愈合得更慢，我也不像25年前那么强壮了。有人趁我不注意偷走了我膝盖的很多软骨。我还比25岁的自己更重要——好吧，比我愿意告诉你的要多。尽管如此，我现在的滑雪技术比我25岁时要好得多。然后，这一切都是关于肾上腺素:跑得非常快，并为自己完好无损地跑到终点而高兴。 The risks to a 55-year-old body have forced me to slow down and pay more attention to skills and technique. I’m sure I still look like a doof on the more technical terrain, but I’m better than I was.
I’ll get back to the discussion of quantifying intangibles in a couple of days, but I wanted to let you know that I have joined Synergy Research as a Vice President of Research, focused on IP Infrastructure and Metro / Carrier Ethernet. You can read the announcement here.
I’m still president of Jeff Doyle and Associates, and still doing network infrastructure consulting. This new role as a market analyst will be a compliment and value-add to my consulting services, just as the infrastructure consulting will be a value-add to the analyst services. And, of course, I’ll continue blogging here on Network World about the technical and business issues around IP infrastructures.
语言从要求所有购买的网络设备必须“符合IPv6”转变为“具有IPv6能力”，因为机构无法对“符合”的含义给出可靠和一致的定义。事实上，一些机构甚至难以定义“基础设施”的含义。例如，美国国税局(Internal Revenue Service)将其定义为一个面向公众路由器到另一个面向公众路由器的后门的后门。其他机构对此有不同的定义。
我昨天捡到a G1这对我来说是一大步，因为我从来没有真正想要一部除了打电话(和发短信，因为我十几岁的孩子似乎已经失去了通过任何其他方式交流的能力)以外的手机。我在Juniper的时候，老板和我打了多年的持久战:他想让我带一部黑莓手机，而我不想让手机接近他。
< /p>我有我心爱的摩托罗拉RAZR它是一个纤细、轻盈的小东西，不引人注目地放在我的口袋里，不会对我的生活产生任何影响，除非有人打电话来——或者除非我的一个十几岁的孩子给我发短信说我是一个多么棒的爸爸，这通常意味着他或她需要钱。有关我在这个博客上关于IPv4地址枯竭和需要准备的IPv6自己做所有的喋喋不休，还有那也正在迅速地耗尽其他号码资源，以及I haven’t written about before: the 2-byte autonomous system numbers (ASNs).
A 16-bit number space gives you 65,536 possible numbers (AS numbers 0 – 65535). Out of these, the IANA reserves 1,026 of them: 64512 – 65534 for private, reusable ASNs (similar to private RFC1918 IPv4 addresses) and a few others such as 0 and 65535 and one that is important to this article, 23456. Presently 49,150 ASNs have been allocated out of the public pool, so there are 15,360 available ASNs remaining: About 23.8 percent of the public pool.
My 上一篇文章谈到企业网络运营商的需求，即使他们认为他们的内部网络在可预见的未来不需要IPv6，考虑到他们面向公众的服务器。尽管目前很少有IPv6用户试图访问这些服务器，但他们的数量将在未来几年增长。你得准备好招待他们。
您可能认为向您的公共服务器添加IPv6功能是一项相当简单的任务，因此您可以推迟一些工作，直到有明确的需要。计划可能确实很简单，但执行这些计划可能并不简单。
如果你以前没有关注过这个博客，我给你一个简短的版本:区域互联网注册中心(rir)将在此后不到一年的时间内使用完毕(基于他们维持12个月地址供应的模式)。
这意味着，如果你是一个大型服务提供商(本地互联网注册中心，或LIR)，并在2011年之后的任何时间去你的RIR获得一个新的地址分配，你将能够得到的唯一分配是IPv6。
最大的硬件漏洞是电源。高温使它成为任何路由器或开关中最容易发生故障的组件。紧随其后的是冷却风扇，因为它们有活动部件，所以可能会失灵。因此，您应该期望任何中档及以上的路由器或开关都有冗余电源和风扇。
在上的帖子我讨论了互联网如何影响美国总统选举。(好吧，好吧，我认为 它是如何影响选举的。)在这篇文章中，我想把话题转到互联网可能会受到新当选的政府的影响。
足球竞猜app软件Network World已经在这方面发表了几篇好文章。 Obama's position paper on technology gives several insights into how his administration might support, further, or change the Internet. Right near the top of the list is strong support for network neutrality, something I agree with. I also like the goal of bringing the governmental definition of "broadband" up to modern expectations (broadband is currently defined as 200kbps and above) and the reformation of the Universal Service Fund.